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Net present value (NPV) is a key financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment by calculating the present value of future cash flows. This tool takes into consideration the time value of money, allowing investors to make informed decisions about where to allocate their resources. To calculate NPV, one must estimate the future cash flows of an investment, determine an appropriate discount rate (usually the cost of capital), and assess the risk associated with the investment. By comparing the NPV of an investment to its initial cost, investors can determine whether the investment is worth pursuing. NPV provides a clear indication of the potential returns on an investment and helps decision-makers prioritize projects based on their financial viability. By using NPV analysis, businesses can optimize their capital allocation and maximize their return on investment. In conclusion, understanding NPV is essential for making informed investment decisions and optimizing financial performance. By incorporating NPV into their financial analysis, investors can ensure that they are making sound decisions that will drive long-term profitability.